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Showing 50 of 60 matches — scanned Natal, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad + Sri Lanka registers

From sourceGLDC

MUNISAMY NAIDU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 147591 | Father: VIRASAMY ND | Sex: M | Caste: Balija | District: NORTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi XLI
Year1911
OriginNORTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No147591
ArrivalMar 1911 Umlazi XLI Madras
EmployerNatal Government Railways Inc.Railw Service

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

ELLAPPA NAIDU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 146033 | Father: MUNUSAMY NAIDU | Sex: M | Caste: Mala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmhloti VI
Year1910
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No146033
ArrivalAug 1910 Umhloti VI Madras
EmployerLa Mercy Estate La Mercy Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

MUNIYAMMA

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 146034 | Father: VENKETSAMY NAIDU | Sex: F | Caste: Mala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmhloti VI
Year1910
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No146034
ArrivalAug 1910 Umhloti VI Madras
EmployerLa Mercy Estate La Mercy Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

RAJAGOPAUL

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 146035 | Father: ELLAPPA NAIDU | Sex: M | Caste: Mala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmhloti VI
Year1910
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No146035
ArrivalAug 1910 Umhloti VI Madras
EmployerLa Mercy Estate La Mercy Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

RANGIEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 146036 | Father: ELLAPPA NAIDU | Sex: M | Caste: Mala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmhloti VI
Year1910
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No146036
ArrivalAug 1910 Umhloti VI Madras
EmployerLa Mercy Estate La Mercy Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

BALAKRISSHMUDU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 130155 | Father: VIRASAMY NAIDU | Sex: M | Caste: Balija | District: NORTH ARCOT

ShipUmhloti I
Year1907
OriginNORTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No130155
ArrivalFeb 1907 Umhloti I Madras
EmployerHamilton, Francis Joseph The Vlei Pmburg Other

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceIII

Pariyasami

Father: Ramsamy

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMZINTO XXVIII
Year1902
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No94833

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceGLDC

SOWBAGIYAM

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71008 | Father: ARUNACHALA MUDALY | Sex: F | Caste: Mudaly | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi VIII
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71008
ArrivalFeb 1898 Umlazi VIII Madras
EmployerLamond, George Pmburg Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

AUTHIMOOLOON PILLAI

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71840 | Father: RAGAVA PILLAI | Sex: M | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71840
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

AMBIYAM

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71841 | Father: SUBRAYA PILLAI | Sex: F | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71841
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

MAHALATCHMY

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71842 | Father: AUTHIMULAN PILLAI | Sex: G | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71842
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

VIRDARAJULU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71843 | Father: AUTHIMULAN PILLAI | Sex: B | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71843
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

KRISHTNASAMY

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71844 | Father: AUTHIMULAN PILLAI | Sex: B | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71844
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

GOVINDARAJULU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 71845 | Father: AUTHIMULAN PILLAI | Sex: B | Caste: Vellala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XXVI
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No71845
ArrivalMar 1898 Congella XXVI Madras
EmployerKearsney Estates Kearsney Stanger Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

MAYA SUBRAYEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 72399 | Father: GOVINDA ODAYAN | Sex: M | Caste: Vellalan | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi IX
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No72399
ArrivalApr 1898 Umlazi IX Madras
EmployerMorrison, Charles William Northdene Pinetown Other

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

CHINNA SUBRAYEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 72400 | Father: GOVINDA ODAYAN | Sex: M | Caste: Vellalan | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi IX
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No72400
ArrivalApr 1898 Umlazi IX Madras
EmployerMorrison, Charles William Northdene Pinetown Other

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

KISTNAN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 72617 | Father: RAMASAMI | Sex: M | Caste: Vannia | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi IX
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No72617
ArrivalApr 1898 Umlazi IX Madras
EmployerSykes, J.H. Trenance Est, Ottawa Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

VALLIYAMMA

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 72618 | Father: SUBRAYAN | Sex: F | Caste: Vannia | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipUmlazi IX
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No72618
ArrivalApr 1898 Umlazi IX Madras
EmployerSykes, J.H. Trenance Est, Ottawa Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

THANGAVELU

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 72787 | Father: BALAKRISTNA PILLAI | Sex: M | Caste: Mala | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipPongola XXVIII
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No72787
ArrivalJun 1898 Pongola XXVIII Madras
EmployerLedeboer, L.V. Aroma, New Guelderland Stanger Other

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

RAMASAMY

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 74350 | Father: MUTHUKANNA | Sex: M | Caste: Paria | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipPongola XXIX
Year1898
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No74350
ArrivalSep 1898 Pongola XXIX Madras
EmployerLa Mercy Estate La Mercy Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceIII

Sowbagiyam

Father: Arunachala Mudaly

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMLAZI VIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71008

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Authimooloon Pillai

Father: Ragava Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71840

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Ambiyam

Father: Subraya Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71841

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Mahalatchmy

Father: Authimulan Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71842

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Virdarajulu

Father: Authimulan Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71843

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Krishtnasamy

Father: Authimulan Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71844

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Govindarajulu

Father: Authimulan Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XXVI
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No71845

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Maya Subrayen

Father: Govinda Odayan

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMLAZI IX
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No72399

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Chinna Subrayen

Father: Govinda Odayan

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMLAZI IX
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No72400

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Kistnan

Father: Ramasami

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMLAZI IX
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No72617

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Valliyamma

Father: Subrayan

Listed in the III archive.

ShipUMLAZI IX
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No72618

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Thangavelu

Father: Balakristna Pillai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXVIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No72787

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Arunachala Gn

Father: Komaru Gounden

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXVIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No73006

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Valliyamma

Father: Patchai

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXVIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No73007

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Pariasami

Father: Arunachala Gounden

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXVIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No73008

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Murugasen

Father: Arunachala

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXVIII
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No73009

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Ramasamy

Father: Muthukanna

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XXIX
Year1898
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No74350

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceGLDC

MUNIEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 53931 | Father: SONACHALAM | Sex: M | Caste: Yedava | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XV
Year1894
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No53931
ArrivalJan 1894 Congella XV Madras
EmployerLavoipierre, Hippolyte Bellmonte, Stonehenge Verulam Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

GOVINDEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 55812 | Father: THANAPPA GOUNDEN | Sex: M | Caste: Vannia | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipPongola XVI
Year1894
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No55812
ArrivalJul 1894 Pongola XVI Madras
EmployerMuckle Neuk Estates La Lucia Durban Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

VENKATACHELLAM

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 55813 | Father: ELLAPPA GOUNDEN | Sex: M | Caste: Vannia | District: SOUTH ARCOT

ShipPongola XVI
Year1894
OriginSOUTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No55813
ArrivalJul 1894 Pongola XVI Madras
EmployerMuckle Neuk Estates La Lucia Durban Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceGLDC

CHINNIEN

Listed in the GLDC archive.

Indenture No: 56519 | Father: KUTTY | Sex: M | Caste: Irulan | District: NORTH ARCOT

ShipCongella XVII
Year1894
OriginNORTH ARCOT
VillageVALAVANUR
DestinationSouth Africa (Natal)
Indenture No56519
ArrivalDec 1894 Congella XVII Madras
EmployerReunion Estates (D.De Pass) Reunion, Isipingo Durban Sugar

Source: Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal — Ships' List of Indentured Indians to Natal, 1860–1911 (opens in new tab) — Academic database — attribution required

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From sourceIII

Munien

Father: Sonachalam

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XV
Year1894
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No53931

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Govinden

Father: Thanappa Gounden

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XVI
Year1894
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No55812

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Venkatachellam

Father: Ellappa Gounden

Listed in the III archive.

ShipPONGOLA XVI
Year1894
OriginCuddalore
VillageValavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No55813

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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From sourceIII

Chinnien

Father: Kutty

Listed in the III archive.

ShipCONGELLA XVII
Year1894
OriginVellore
VillageR.Valavanur
DestinationSouth Africa
Indenture No56519

Source: The Indentured Indians (theiii.in) — indenture ships' lists (South Africa, Fiji, Suriname) (opens in new tab) — Community indenture database — attribution

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Or add a village, ship, or year filter to narrow further

Understanding Tamil Indenture Records (1834-1920)

What Are Tamil Indenture Records?

Tamil indenture records are historical documents from 1834-1920 that tracked Indian laborers who migrated to British, French, and Dutch colonies under contract (indenture) labor systems. After the abolition of slavery in 1833, colonial plantations needed workers — over 1.5 million Indians, including approximately 500,000 Tamils, migrated as indentured laborers to sugar estates, tea plantations, and infrastructure projects across the world.

These records include ship manifests, immigration passes, arrival registers, and employment contracts. They typically contain the migrant's name, father's name, age, caste, village of origin (often in Tamil Nadu), physical description, ship name, departure port, arrival date, and destination.

Major Destinations for Tamil Migrants

Mauritius (1834-1910)

241,000+ recordsvia III (Indentured Immigration Index)

Largest Tamil diaspora destination. Ships departed from Madras and Pondicherry every 2-3 weeks during peak migration (1860-1890). Voyage duration: 6-8 weeks.

Fiji (1879-1916)

12,000+ recordsvia Girmitiya Madras

Tamil migrants from Madras Presidency. "Girmitiya" (from English "agreement") refers to indentured laborers. Voyage: 8-10 weeks via Colombo.

South Africa – Natal (1860-1911)

152,000+ recordsvia GLDC (Gandhi-Luthuli Documentation Centre)

Natal sugar estates. The Truro (1860) — the first indentured ship — departed from Madras. Voyage: 10-12 weeks via Cape of Good Hope.

United Kingdom — passenger lists (1890-1960)

6,000+ recordsvia TNA (The National Archives, Kew)

UK outward passenger lists (Board of Trade BT 26/27) — ships leaving British ports for India and the colonies. Catalogue-level: useful for provenance, not per-person names.

Suriname (1873-1916)

Archives in progress

Dutch Guiana plantations. Tamil migrants via British India. Ships departed Madras and Calcutta. Voyage: 8-10 weeks.

Origin Ports and Ship Routes

Madras (Chennai) — Primary Departure Port

The vast majority of Tamil migrants departed from Madras Harbor. Recruitment centers (depots) operated in Madras city where migrants underwent medical examination, received travel documents (immigration pass), and boarded ships. Common routes: Madras → Mauritius (6-8 weeks), Madras → Fiji (8-10 weeks via Colombo), Madras → Guyana/Trinidad (10-12 weeks via Cape of Good Hope).

Pondicherry (Puducherry) — French Territory

French colonial port serving migrants to French colonies (Reunion, Guadeloupe, Martinique) and some British destinations. Smaller volume than Madras but significant for southern Tamil Nadu districts (Tanjore, Tiruchirapalli).

Notable Ships in Tamil Indenture Migration

Hundreds of ships transported Tamil migrants between 1834-1920. Major vessels include:

Truro

Madras → Guyana (1860s), Natal

Sheila

Madras → Mauritius (1850s-70s)

Hesperus

Madras → Mauritius & Caribbean

Atlas

Madras → Fiji & Mauritius

British Empire

Madras → Natal, South Africa

Ganges

Multiple routes from Madras

Main

Madras → Trinidad (1870s-90s)

Syria

Madras → Mauritius & Réunion

Fath Al Salem

Early ship to Trinidad (1840s-50s)

Ship manifests list each passenger with detailed information, making them invaluable genealogical sources. Search by ship name above if you know your ancestor's vessel.

What Information Do Indenture Records Contain?

Typical fields in Tamil indenture records:

Full name of migrant

Often transliterated from Tamil

Father's name (patronymic)

Critical for Tamil identification

Age at departure

Usually 18-35 years old

Caste / community

E.g., Pariah, Vellala, Naidu

Village of origin

District and taluk when recorded

Physical description

Height, marks, complexion

Ship name

Vessel that transported them

Indenture/pass number

Unique identifier

Departure & arrival dates

Exact dates when recorded

Destination & estate

Colony and employer assignment

Family relationships

If migrating with spouse/children

Note: The level of detail varies by colonial archive, time period, and record type. Earlier records (1840s-1860s) tend to have less information than later ones (1880s-1920).

Document Digitisation

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Ship manifests, birth certificates, indenture passes — we digitise, verify, and structure them in your tree.

Historical Context

Understand why your ancestor migrated — not just when

Explore 30+ key Tamil historical events from 1834 to present — indenture, famines, independence movements, and migration waves. See which events overlapped with your ancestor's lifetime.

Next steps

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